mineral

Orange Quartz (Citrine Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to deep orange-brown; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to deep orange-brown
Luster: Vitreous

Identified June 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to deep orange-brown; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Forms in igneous or metamorphic rocks through hydrothermal processes where silica-rich fluids cool and crystallize. Natural citrine occurs in rare geological environments where amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to natural geothermal heat.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, for decorative lapidary work, and among mineral collectors for specimens.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' on the commercial market is actually heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (will scratch glass but not topaz) and lack of cleavage. Look for it in pegmatites and metamorphic veins. Collectors look for clarity and deep 'Madeira' orange hues.

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