Marble

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3 on the Mohs scale. Color: White to off-white. Luster: Vitreous to pearly. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (granular texture). Cleavage: Perfect in three directions, but often obscured by interlocking grains.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of sedimentary limestone or dolostone. Under high pressure and temperature, the original calcite grains recrystallize into a dense mass of interlocking crystals. Can range from Precambrian to Cenozoic in age.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in construction (countertops, tiles), sculpture due to its relative softness and homogeneity, and as a source of calcium in animal feed or soil treatment.

Geological Facts

Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of a very pure limestone. The famous Carrara marble from Italy was used by Michelangelo for his statue of David.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its sugary, crystalline appearance and its reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid (it will fizz). Commonly found in mountainous regions where tectonic activity has occurred, such as the Appalachians or the Mediterranean.

Identified on: 4/19/2026

Mode: Standard