mineral

Malachite

Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs scale), Color: Bright green to dark green with distinctive banding, Luster: Adamantine to vitreous or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Perfect, Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits. It precipitates from descending solutions in fractures, cavities, and intergranular spaces of underground rocks. It is most common in limestones where a carbonate source is available.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a gemstone for jewelry, cabochons, and beads. Historically used as a copper ore, a mineral pigment for green paint, and for decorative carvings and inlaid furniture.

Geological facts

In ancient Egypt, malachite was used for eye paint and amulets to ward off evil. It is famous for its 'botryoidal' (grape-like) growth habit and is often found intergrown with blue Azurite. The famous 'Malachite Room' in the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg features over 400 lbs of the mineral.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its vibrant green color, distinctive light and dark green concentric circular or linear banding, and its tendency to effervesce slightly in cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russia, Namibia, and Arizona, USA.