metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep spinach green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep spinach green to olive green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep spinach green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or the chemical alteration of ultramafic rocks in the presence of water at high pressures.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and figurines. Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher (more resistant to fracturing) than diamond because of its tightly interwoven fibrous structure. It has been a cornerstone of Chinese culture for over 5,000 years, symbolizing purity and immortality.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy/greasy luster when polished, high density, and smooth surface. Unlike glass, it cannot be easily scratched by a common knife. Found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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