metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to black, often with mottled light green patches; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor/none; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Dark green to black, often with mottled light green patches
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to black, often with mottled light green patches; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor/none; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a process where ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle are hydrated and chemically altered at low temperatures in subduction zones or mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone in architecture, as a source of magnesium, and sometimes carved for ornaments. Historically used for asbestos production in certain varieties.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It is often associated with unique flora because its soil chemistry is high in magnesium and heavy metals while being low in essential nutrients.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive green color, 'snake-skin' appearance, and slippery/waxy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and fault zones.
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