mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper silicates (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness: 2.5-3.5 on Mohs scale (sometimes harder when mixed with silica); Color: Cyan, blue-green, or green; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (often occurs as botryoidal or massive aggregates); Specific gravity: 2.0-2.4

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan, blue-green, or green
Luster: Vitreous to earthy

Identified May 10, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies where copper-bearing solutions react with silica in groundwater. It is often found associated with other secondary copper minerals like malachite, azurite, and cuprite.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a minor ore of copper, as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons and beads), and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla has been used by humans since antiquity; it was mentioned by Theophrastus in 315 BCE. The name is derived from the Greek 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its use as a flux for soldering gold.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its vivid turquoise-blue color and its tendency to stick to the tongue due to its porous nature and high silica content. Commonly found in arid regions such as Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

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