mineral

Citrine Quartz

Crystalline Quartz (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified June 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, specifically in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins where silica-rich fluids cool and crystallize. Natural citrine is rare and often forms when amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to geothermal heat.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone and by mineral collectors. It is also historically used for ornamental carvings and in holistic practices as the 'Success Stone'.

Geological facts

Most commercial 'citrine' is actually heat-treated amethyst. Natural citrine is dichroic, meaning it shows different colors when viewed from different angles, whereas heat-treated material usually does not.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and yellow-to-amber transparency. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors should look for uniform color and clarity.

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