metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: dark green to creamy white, Luster: vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: monoclinic (interlocking fibrous), Cleavage: indistinct, Specific gravity: 2.9-3.0
- Hardness
- 6-6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: dark green to creamy white, Luster: vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: monoclinic (interlocking fibrous), Cleavage: indistinct, Specific gravity: 2.9-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or dolomitic limestones. It is common in subduction zones where high pressure and moderate temperatures occur.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, sculpture carving, ornamental objects, and historically for axe heads and tools due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel because of its densely interwoven fibrous structure. It has been used by diverse cultures for over 5,000 years for both spiritual artifacts and weaponry.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy surface feel, waxy luster when polished, and extreme resistance to breaking. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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