Mineral

Graphite

Graphite (Native Carbon, C)

Hardness: 1 - 2 (Mohs scale); Color: Black to steel-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 2.09 - 2.23

Hardness: 1 - 2 (Mohs scale)
Color: Black to steel-gray
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified March 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 1 - 2 (Mohs scale); Color: Black to steel-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 2.09 - 2.23

Formation & geological history

Formed via regional metamorphism of carbon-rich sedimentary rocks (like coal or shale). It is commonly found in metamorphic rocks such as marble, schist, and gneiss. Significant deposits range across various geological ages.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in manufacturing 'pencil lead', lubricants, batteries (anodes), high-temperature crucibles, brake linings, and as a moderator in nuclear reactors.

Geological facts

Graphite and diamond are polymorphs: they share the same chemical composition (pure carbon) but have drastically different crystal structures and physical properties. It is one of the softest minerals and is highly conductive of electricity.

Field identification & locations

Collectors identify it in the field by its distinctive 'greasy' feel and its ability to leave a dark gray streak on paper or skin. It can be found in places like China, India, Brazil, and the Adirondack Mountains.