Gold

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Golden yellow; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric/Cubic (often found as nuggets, grains, or leaf-like structures); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 19.3 (very high)

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins created by volcanic activity and in alluvial placer deposits. It is often found associated with quartz veins or in riverbeds where it has settled due to its high density.

Uses & Applications

Primary use is in investment (bullion), jewelry, and electronics due to its high conductivity and resistance to corrosion. It is also used in dentistry and aerospace.

Geological Facts

Gold is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. All the gold ever mined would fit into a crate only 21 meters on each side.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size), extreme malleability (it bends rather than breaks), and metallic golden streak. Found in gold-bearing districts globally such as California, Australia, and South Africa.

Identified on: 5/2/2026

Mode: Standard