metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark green to black with white veining, Luster: Waxy to greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fine-grained), Cleavage: Poor, Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark green to black with white veining, Luster: Waxy to greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fine-grained), Cleavage: Poor, Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the low-temperature hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone in architecture, for sculpture (soapstone variety), as a source of asbestos in the past, and as a crushed stone in construction.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It often creates 'serpentine soils' which are toxic to many plants but host rare, endemic species.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, dark green color, and waxy feel. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes and fault zones.
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