Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs/Quartz components); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Widely used as a building material, in landscaping, as a source for glass manufacturing (if high silica), and for stone art/sculpture.

Geological Facts

Sandstone is often porous enough to hold large quantities of groundwater or oil, making it an essential aquifer or reservoir rock in geology.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Commonly found in coastal areas, deserts, and canyon walls. Widely available globally.

Identified on: 5/5/2026

Mode: Standard