metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Distinct but usually not visible due to interlocking fibers; Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage green to dark forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Distinct but usually not visible due to interlocking fibers; Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like dolomite) and silicic rocks, or through the metasomatism of serpentine. It is often found in contact zones between igneous and sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making (axe heads) due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It is famous for its incredible toughness, which is caused by an interlocking felt-like structure of microscopic fibers that makes it resistant to fracturing.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'soapy' or greasy feel and the absence of visible crystals. It is much tougher than most stones of similar hardness. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA).
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