Hematite (Iron Ore)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black when metallic, earthy red when weathered; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as an alteration product of magnetite, or in sedimentary environments such as Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back 2.4 to 1.8 billion years.

Uses & Applications

Primary source of iron for steel production; used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment in paints/cosmetics, and for jewelry/beads.

Geological Facts

The name is derived from the Greek work 'haima' meaning blood, due to the red color of its streak. It is also found in abundance on the planet Mars, giving the planet its red hue.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic rust-red streak (even on metallic specimens) and its high density. Found globally in major iron mining districts like Mumbwa, Zambia or the Lake Superior region.

Identified on: 5/13/2026

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