metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile; (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (varies by variety); Color: Mottled green, dark green to black; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 (varies by variety)
- Color
- Mottled green, dark green to black
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (varies by variety); Color: Mottled green, dark green to black; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) in the presence of water at low temperatures, a process called serpentinization. Common at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used for ornamental carvings, architectural stone (verde antique), as a source of magnesium, and historically as a component of asbestos. It is also popular in jewelry as a jade alternative.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. The name comes from 'serpentinus', meaning 'serpent-like', due to the green mottled appearance resembling snake skin.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic waxy 'soapy' feel and mottled green coloring. Often found in ophiolites or mountain ranges where seafloor rocks have been thrust onto land. Check for a harness softer than steel.
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