mineral

Azurite and Malachite on Matrix

Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 (Azurite) and Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Malachite)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Azure blue and vibrant green; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair to poor; Specific gravity: 3.7 to 3.9

Hardness: 3
Color: Azure blue and vibrant green
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified May 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Azure blue and vibrant green; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair to poor; Specific gravity: 3.7 to 3.9

Formation & geological history

Formed as secondary minerals in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits. Created by the action of carbonated waters on copper-bearing minerals. Common in arid climates.

Uses & applications

Major use as a minor copper ore, gemstone for jewelry (cabochons), pigment in paint (historical), and highly popular among mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Azurite is often called the 'stone of heaven' and has been used as a pigment since ancient Egypt. Over geological time, azurite often chemically weathers into malachite, which is why they are frequently found together.

Field identification & locations

Identify by the distinctive blue and green coloration alongside a brown or grey host rock (matrix). Often found in copper mines in Arizona (USA), Congo, and Morocco. Reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

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