metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (complex silicate minerals including Lizardite, Antigorite, and Chrysotile)
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green, light green, grey, or black with waxy or greasy luster; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good but often difficult to see due to massiveness; Specific Gravity: 2.2 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green, light green, grey, or black with waxy or greasy luster; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good but often difficult to see due to massiveness; Specific Gravity: 2.2 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal metamorphism of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth’s mantle; typically occurs at tectonic plate boundaries and subduction zones. Common ages range from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative architectural stone (verde antique), as a source of magnesium, and historically for carvings and as a source of asbestos. High-quality specimens are collected for leur aesthetic green 'snake-skin' appearance.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It is named for its resemblance to the skin of a serpent. Some variations are prone to contain chrysotile, which is a form of asbestos.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive green color, soapy or waxy feel, and the presence of 'slickensides' (polished, striated surfaces). Common in mountain belts like the Appalachians, the Coast Ranges, and the Alps.
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