Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Honey-yellow to reddish-brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous (organic); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light, floats in salt water).

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the fossilized resin of ancient coniferous trees, primarily during the Eocene epoch (approx. 34–56 million years ago). High pressure and temperature over millions of years turn resin into copal and then amber.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in jewelry, lapidary arts, and scientific research as it often preserves ancient biological inclusions (insects, plants). Historically used in incense and folk medicine.

Geological Facts

Amber is one of the few organic 'gemstones.' The most famous source is the Baltic region. If rubbed with a cloth, it becomes electrostatically charged and can attract small bits of paper.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its light weight, warm feel to the touch, and ability to float in saturated salt water. Often found in seafloor sediments or river beds near ancient forests. Look for 'sun spangles' or inclusions.

Identified on: 4/27/2026

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