mineral

Amethyst

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal (often pyramidal points); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Purple, violet, or lavender
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 16, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and cavities (geodes) within igneous rocks. The purple color results from gamma irradiation and the presence of trace iron (Fe3+) in the quartz lattice. Most gem-quality deposits originate from the Mesozoic era to recent volcanic events.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in jewelry as a semi-precious gemstone, ornamental carving, and architectural decor. It is also a highly popular specimen for rock collectors and practitioners of crystal healing.

Geological facts

Amethyst was considered one of the five cardinal gems until large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic purple hue, hexagonal crystal shape, and inability to be scratched by steel. It is commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for even color saturation and transparency.

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