sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, reddish-brown, or orange due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porous and clastic.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, reddish-brown, or orange due to iron oxidation
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, reddish-brown, or orange due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porous and clastic.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, mostly quartz and feldspar, in environments like deserts, river beds, or beaches. The reddish tint suggests iron-rich groundwater precipitated hematite or limonite between the grains.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material (flagstone, building stone), decorative landscaping, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and water in sub-surface geology.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of ferruginous sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and eroded canyonlands.
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