mineral

Azurite in Matrix

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs); Color: Deep azure blue; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.8.

Hardness: 3
Color: Deep azure blue
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified May 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs); Color: Deep azure blue; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits through the interaction of copper-rich solutions with carbonate-bearing waters. Typically found in arid environments.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a decorative mineral specimen, in jewelry (though soft), and historically as a pigment. It is also an indicator mineral for copper mining.

Geological facts

Known since antiquity, azurite was the most important blue pigment in European painting from the 15th to the 17th century. It often pseudomorphs into malachite over geological time.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic intense royal blue color and effervescence in hydrochloric acid. Common locations include Morocco, Arizona (USA), and Tsumeb (Namibia).