Metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None (it is extremely tough due to interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep forest green, olive, or creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None (it is extremely tough due to interlocking fibers); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultramafic igneous rocks. It is most commonly found in association with serpentinite along plate boundaries and mountain belts; geological age ranges from Precambrian to Cenozoic depending on the deposit.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in fine jewelry, ornamental carvings, statuettes, and historical weapons. Due to its extreme toughness, it was historically used for axe heads and tools.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals classified as jade; the other is jadeite. Historically, nephrite was believed to cure kidney stones—hence its name, derived from the Greek word for kidney, 'nephros'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'greasy' luster when polished and its extreme resistance to breaking. Common locations include British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, Wyoming (USA), and western China. Collectors should look for smoothness and translucency at the edges.
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