mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with chromium/vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 Mohs, Color: Deep green, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Hexagonal, Cleavage: Indistinct, Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Hardness: 7

Identified June 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 Mohs, Color: Deep green, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Hexagonal, Cleavage: Indistinct, Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-bearing rocks; often metamorphic in origin.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry and as a valuable collector's mineral.

Geological facts

Emeralds are often known for their 'jardin' (garden), which refers to the natural inclusions within the stone. Rare clean specimens can be more valuable than diamonds.

Field identification & locations

Check for a deep green hue and characteristic hexagonal crystal shape. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, and Zambia. Often contains surface-reaching fissures.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Biotite Schist

Biotite-rich Schist [K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2]

metamorphic