metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2), a variety of Actinolite-Tremolite
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Typically translucent to opaque forest green, olive, or creamy white. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Structure: Monoclinic, composed of interlocking fibrous crystals. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Typically translucent to opaque forest green, olive, or creamy white. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Structure: Monoclinic, composed of interlocking fibrous crystals. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via low-grade metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (ultramafic rocks) or dolomitic limestones under high pressure. Geological age varies by deposit, often found in ancient Orogenic belts.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (pendants, beads), ornamental carvings, statues, and traditional axe heads due to its exceptional toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel or its counterpart Jadeite because its internal structure consists of densely interwoven fibers, making it extremely difficult to fracture.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its cool touch, greasy luster when polished, and high density. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming. Unlike many stones, it cannot be easily scratched by a steel knife.
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