Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange, Luster: Resinous, Crystal Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 1.05-1.09

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the fossilized resin of ancient coniferous trees, primarily from the Eocene epoch (approx. 30–50 million years ago). It occurs in sedimentary environments where resin was buried and underwent polymerization.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and for scientific research (paleontology) when it contains inclusions. Historically used in perfumes and folk medicine.

Geological Facts

Amber is not a stone but fossilized sap. It is light enough to float in saltwater. Rare pieces contain perfectly preserved insects, plants, or even small vertebrates from millions of years ago.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its warmth to the touch compared to stone, its ability to become electrostatic when rubbed, and its tendency to melt rather than burn. Common in the Baltic Sea region and the Dominican Republic.

Identified on: 4/15/2026

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