metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli (Tumbled Stone)
Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S,Cl)2 (Lazulite-rich Metamorphic Rock)
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep celestial blue (due to lazurite); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Isometric (as lazurite component); Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue (due to lazurite)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep celestial blue (due to lazurite); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Isometric (as lazurite component); Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by heat and pressure. Most famous deposits in Afghanistan date back over 6,000 years, found in crystalline limestone environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, and historical pigments (ultramarine). Also highly valued by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli was highly prized by the Ancient Egyptians for amulets and ornaments. It is not a single mineral but a rock composed mainly of lazurite, calcite, and pyrite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its rich blue color and characteristic gold-colored specks of pyrite. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia. Collectors should look for intense blue saturation with minimal white calcite veining.
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