mineral

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive), Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive), Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed by the percolation of meteoric water through weathered volcanic rocks or hydrothermal deposits containing copper and aluminum minerals.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a popular mineral for amateur collectors.

Geological facts

Turquoise has been mined for over 5,000 years; the ancient Egyptians used it in burial masks and jewelry. It is the birthstone for December.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique 'robin\'s egg' blue to green color and waxy appearance. Often found in arid regions such as the Southwestern US (Arizona, Nevada), Iran, and China. In the field, look for thin veins or nodules in weathered igneous rocks.

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