metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Sage to deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (felted fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.9–3.0
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage to deep forest green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Sage to deep forest green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (felted fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.9–3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism or metasomatism of ultramafic rocks (like serpentinite) or dolomitic limestones. It is characterized by an interlocking 'felted' fibrous structure that makes it extremely tough.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry, lapidary carvings, and ornamental art. Historically was used for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness/impact resistance.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as Jade (the other being Jadeite). While Jadeite is harder, Nephrite is actually tougher and more resistant to fracturing because of its interwoven fiber structure.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy/greasy luster when wet and its inability to be scratched by a steel knife (though it can be scratched by quartz). Commonly found in riverbeds and coastal regions of British Columbia, New Zealand, and Wyoming.
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