mineral

Citrine

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Hardness 7 on Mohs scale; color ranges from pale yellow to deep brownish orange; vitreous (glassy) luster; hexagonal (trigonal) crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no cleavage; specific gravity 2.65.

Identified June 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Natural citrine forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks, often within quartz veins or geodes. Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz, which changes color at approximately 450 degrees Celsius.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, decorative carvings, and in metaphysical collecting. Industrially, quartz is used for its piezoelectric properties in electronics, though citrine specifically is valued for aesthetics.

Geological facts

Citrine is known as the 'Merchant's Stone' due to a historical belief that it would bring prosperity. Natural citrine is actually quite rare compared to other types of quartz. It is the birthstone for November.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass) and lack of cleavage. Natural citrine often lacks the reddish tint found in heat-treated amethyst-citrine. Found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.