mineral

Red Quartz (Carnelian/Red Jasper Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to orange-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Reddish-brown to orange-red
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified March 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to orange-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica-rich groundwater in cavities of igneous rock or as sedimentary nodules. The red color is caused by hematite or iron oxide impurities during formation. These can range from millions to hundreds of millions of years in age.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in the jewelry industry for cabochons and beads, as well as in the production of decorative carvings, metaphysical healing practices, and collector specimens.

Geological facts

Red quartz varieties like carnelian have been used since the Bronze Age (around 1800 BC) for making cylinder seals and signet rings because they do not stick to wax.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass. Commonly found in riverbeds, volcanic deposits, and sedimentary basins globally, notably in Brazil, India, and the United States.

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