metamorphic
Zoisite with Ruby (Anyolite)
Anyolite (Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) + (Hb, Al, Cr)2O3)
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Zoisite) to 9 (Ruby inclusions); Color: Green with black speckled spots of hornblende (may contain red ruby crystals); Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect on {010}.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Zoisite) to 9 (Ruby inclusions); Color: Green with black speckled spots of hornblende (may contain red ruby crystals); Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect on {010}.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of lime-rich rocks and basaltic rocks. The green zoisite matrix contains black tschermakite/hornblende and, in many specimens, opaque red ruby. Original deposits are primarily Precambrian (approx. 2 billion years old).
Uses & applications
Primarily used as an ornamental stone, for lapidary work such as cabochons, carvings, beads, and as a collector's mineral specimen.
Geological facts
The name 'Anyolite' is derived from the Maasai word 'anyoli', meaning 'green'. While zoisite itself is common, this specific combination with ruby is found almost exclusively in Tanzania.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct apple-green to dark-green matted appearance with black hornblende spots. Often reacts to UV light if it contains small amounts of ruby (which fluoresce bright red). Found in the Mundarara Mine in the Arusha region of Tanzania.
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