Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 Mohs; Color: Honey-yellow to orange-brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous; Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10 (floats in salt water).

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the fossilization of resin from extinct coniferous trees, primarily during the Cretaceous through the Neogene periods (approx. 30-90 million years ago).

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry (beads, pendants), as a decorative gemstone, and for scientific research when it contains biological inclusions (insects/leaves).

Geological Facts

Dominican and Baltic ambers are the most well-known. Because it is fossilized resin and not tree sap, it can preserve ancient biological DNA and soft tissues of insects.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its warmth to the touch, lightness, and ability to float in saturated saltwater. It also produces a static charge when rubbed against wool.

Identified on: 4/17/2026

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