Quartz

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7.0 on Mohs scale; Color: White to colorless; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.

Formation & Geological History

Quartz forms primarily from the cooling and solidification of molten magma in igneous rocks, or through hydrothermal veins and precipitation from silica-rich groundwater. It is found across all geological ages.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in electronics (oscillators), glass manufacturing, abrasives, construction sands, and as gemstones in jewelry.

Geological Facts

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust. It is piezoelectric, meaning it generates an electric charge when mechanical stress is applied.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its hardness (it can scratch glass and steel) and lack of cleavage. It is found worldwide in sands, granite mountains, and riverbeds.

Identified on: 4/17/2026

Mode: Standard