mineral

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Purple, violet, or lavender
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified April 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic rocks as a result of hydrothermal activity. It commonly develops inside geodes or cavities in volcanic rocks when silica-rich water precipitates minerals over millions of years. The purple color is caused by trace amounts of iron or other metals being irradiated.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative items, and for mineral collecting. It is also used in metaphysical practices.

Geological facts

Amethyst is the birthstone for February. The name comes from the ancient Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to prevent drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct purple hues, hexagonal prismatic crystal habit, and its ability to scratch steel and glass. Found globally, with massive deposits in Brazil, Uruguay, and Zambia.