mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (as shown), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific gravity: 3.52

Identified May 6, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (as shown), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface, and brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Highly valued as a gemstone for jewelry, particularly engagement rings; also used in industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural material. The word diamond is derived from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable. The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous specimens in history.

Field identification & locations

Identification includes testing for high thermal conductivity and extreme hardness. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in locations like South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.