mineral

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Copper-red to dull brown; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94

Hardness: 2
Color: Copper-red to dull brown
Luster: Metallic

Identified February 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Copper-red to dull brown; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.94

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in basaltic lavas through hydrothermal activity where copper-rich fluids fill cavities (vesicles) or through the oxidation of copper sulfide deposits. Major deposits date from the Mesoproterozoic era.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in electrical wiring, plumbing, electronics, and alloy production (brass and bronze). Specimens are highly valued by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Copper was the first metal to be worked by humans, starting around 8000 BC. The Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan is the world's most famous locality for native copper specimens.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its high density (heavy for its size), malleability (it can be bent or flattened without shattering), and distinctive reddish metallic color on a fresh surface. Commonly found in basaltic regions or near copper mines.