Nephrite Jade

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Deep forest green with occasional brown/iron staining. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal System: Monoclinic, typically found in massive, microcrystalline fibrous aggregates. Streak: White. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomite) or from the chemical alteration of ultramafic igneous rocks. It is characterized by an interlocking fibrous structure that makes it exceptionally tough.

Uses & Applications

Commonly used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (beads, cabochons), and historically for tools and weapons due to its extreme toughness and resistance to shattering.

Geological Facts

Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals referred to as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). While Jadeite is harder, Nephrite is considered the 'tougher' of the two because of its felted, interwoven crystal fibers. It has been used by diverse cultures for over 5,000 years, from Ancient China to the Maori of New Zealand.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its soapy or greasy feel, extreme weight/density for its size, and the inability to scratch it with a steel knife (if high quality). It often shows a waxy luster on weathered surfaces. Frequently found in riverbeds or alluvial deposits in British Columbia, Alaska, Wyoming, and New Zealand.

Identified on: 4/17/2026

Mode: Standard