mineral
Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)
Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)
Hardness (Mohs 10 for diamond, 8-8.5 for CZ), Color: Colorless/White, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in diamond, none in CZ.
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Physical properties
Hardness (Mohs 10 for diamond, 8-8.5 for CZ), Color: Colorless/White, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral in diamond, none in CZ.
Formation & geological history
Natural diamonds form sub-surface at high pressures and temperatures over billions of years. Simulants like CZ are lab-grown via the skull melt process.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, or in industrial applications such as cutting, grinding, and drilling.
Geological facts
Natural diamond is the hardest known natural material. It was first famously mined in India, followed by South Africa. Cubic Zirconia has been the most popular diamond simulant since 1976.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field using thermal conductivity (diamond testers), checking for distinct sharp facets, and looking for high 'fire' or dispersion of light. Genuine diamonds are found in kimberlite pipes.
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Green Apatite on Albite
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mineral