metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Deep olive green with black inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Monoclinic, extremely tough due to interlocking fibrous structure; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep olive green with black inclusions
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Deep olive green with black inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Monoclinic, extremely tough due to interlocking fibrous structure; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Common in subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (cabochons, beads), and historical axe heads or tools due to its incredible toughness and resistance to shattering.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It was highly prized in ancient China where it was known as the 'Stone of Heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster when polished and its extreme toughness (difficulty to break). Found in river beds and mountain deposits in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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