igneous
Granite
Granite
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled black, white, and translucent grey. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) interlocking crystals. Cleavage: Variable by mineral component, though granite itself lacks overall cleavage.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled black, white, and translucent grey
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled black, white, and translucent grey. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) interlocking crystals. Cleavage: Variable by mineral component, though granite itself lacks overall cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). It typically forms in continental crust above subduction zones or during continental collisions.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (countertops, floor tiles, paving stones), monuments, and as crushed stone for road base and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Yosemite National Park's famous Half Dome and El Capitan are massive granite monoliths.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and biotite mica. Look for it in mountain ranges and eroded riverbeds.
