Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel-gray, silver; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed in sedimentary environments as a chemical precipitate in banded iron formations, or as a secondary mineral through weathering. It can also form in hydrothermal veins or igneous rocks.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron. Used in jewelry as polished stones or beads, as a pigment (ochre), and for radiation shielding.

Geological Facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for blood, because hematite can be red when powdered. It is also found in large quantities on Mars, contributing to the planet's red color.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak when rubbed against a porcelain tile. Found worldwide, with major deposits in Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of the USA.

Identified on: 4/22/2026

Mode: Standard