metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Varying shades of green with black or grey streaks, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Basal perfect (but usually massive), Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Varying shades of green with black or grey streaks, Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Basal perfect (but usually massive), Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the serpentinization process, where ultramafic igneous rocks (high in magnesium and iron) are hydrated by hydrothermal fluids at low temperatures. Common in tectonic subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used for architectural cladding, sculptures, decorative items (like spheres), and historically as a source of asbestos. In jewelry, it is often sold as 'New Jade'.
Geological facts
Serpentine minerals are common in the Earth's mantle and oceanic crust. The rock is the official state rock of California and gets its name from its similarity to the texture of a snake's skin.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic waxy luster, green mottled appearance, and relatively low hardness compared to jade. Often found in ophiolite complexes and mountain belts like the Alps or the Appalachians.
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