Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Intense deep blue with gold pyrite and white calcite inclusions, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: Isometric (specifically for its main component lazurite), Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or marble is altered by hydrothermal processes. Major deposits are found in tectonic fault zones and are often millions of years old.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically as a pigment for blue paint (ultramarine). It is also highly valued by gemstone collectors.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli has been mined in Afghanistan for over 6,000 years. It was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun and was prized by Renaissance artists such as Michelangelo.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic 'Royal Blue' color and the presence of golden pyrite flecks. It is most commonly found in Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), Chile, Russia, and Canada. For collectors, look for deep saturated blue with minimal white calcite streaks.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

Mode: Standard