mineral

Azurite

Azurite (Copper Carbonate Hydroxide), Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep azure blue to pale blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair/Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.7 to 3.9.

Hardness: 3
Color: Deep azure blue to pale blue
Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous

Identified March 14, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep azure blue to pale blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair/Poor; Specific Gravity: 3.7 to 3.9.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits. It occurs when carbonated waters descend into the ground and react with copper sulfides or oxides. It is geologically associated with malachite.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as an ore of copper, a pigment in paints (traditionally), and for ornamental jewelry (cabochons and beads). It is highly prized by mineral collectors for its vibrant color.

Geological facts

In medieval times and the Renaissance, azurite was a major source of blue pigment for painters, though it can eventually weather into green malachite. It is often called 'Chessylite' after Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its intense 'azure' blue color and its frequent association with green malachite. In the field, look for it in arid environments near copper mines. It bubbles (fizzes) when it comes into contact with dilute hydrochloric acid.

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