mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to steel-gray, silver, or reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic/dull; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None, but shows parting; Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Black to steel-gray, silver, or reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic/dull

Identified June 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in igneous rocks, but most commonly as a precipitate in sedimentary environments known as Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back billions of years (Proterozoic). It also forms through hydrothermal activity and contact metamorphism.

Uses & applications

Main ore of iron; used as a colorful pigment (red ochre), in jewelry as polished stones or beads, and for radiation shielding.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood because it leaves a red streak when scratched. Extensive deposits of hematite have been discovered on Mars by the Opportunity rover, suggesting liquid water was once present.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak on a porcelain plate regardless of the surface color. It is often heavy for its size due to high iron content. Common locations include Brazil, Australia, China, and the Lake Superior region of the USA.