metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale green to dark olive (this specimen is a light celery green); Luster: Greasy to waxy; Structure: Monoclinic with an interlocking fibrous 'felted' texture; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Greasy to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale green to dark olive (this specimen is a light celery green); Luster: Greasy to waxy; Structure: Monoclinic with an interlocking fibrous 'felted' texture; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostone) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Significant deposits range from Precambrian to Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and sculpture. Due to its extreme toughness, it was historically used for axe heads and weapons.
Geological facts
Nephrite's interlocking fibrous structure makes it tougher than steel. It was known as the 'Ax Stone' (Lapis Nephriticus) and has been culturally revered in China for over 8,000 years, symbolizing purity and immortality.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy luster, smoothness when wet, and inability to be scratched by a common knife (but can be scratched by quartz). Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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