metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Olive to dark forest green with possible black inclusions. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking). Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive to dark forest green with possible black inclusions
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0–6.5 Mohs. Color: Olive to dark forest green with possible black inclusions. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking). Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. This specimen appears as an alluvial 'river stone,' smoothed by water erosion over thousands of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in ornamental carvings, jewelry (cabochons and beads), and historically for tool making (axe heads) due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It is famous for its toughness, which is even higher than diamond, making it nearly impossible to shatter due to its dense, felted fiber structure.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy or greasy feel when polished and its cool temperature to the touch. It is heavier than common quartz pebbles and cannot be scratched by a steel knife. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, and Wyoming.
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