mineral

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities, SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Purple, violet, or lavender
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified June 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings inside volcanic geodes. The purple color comes from irradiation of iron impurities within the quartz structure. Most specimens are from the Cenozoic or Mesozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used for jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a popular collector's mineral. Also used in alternative medicine practices as a 'healing stone'.

Geological facts

In ancient Greece, it was believed that amethyst could prevent intoxication; the name comes from the Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated'. It is the birthstone for February.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic purple color and ability to scratch glass (hardness 7). Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Ontario. Collectors look for deep 'Siberian' purple hues with red or blue flashes.

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