metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness 3-6 (Mohs), Green to yellowish-green color, greasy or waxy luster, monoclinic crystal system, splintery or conchoidal fracture, specific gravity 2.5-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness 3-6 (Mohs), Green to yellowish-green color, greasy or waxy luster, monoclinic crystal system, splintery or conchoidal fracture, specific gravity 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in metamorphic environments, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used for architectural cladding, decorative carvings, gemstones, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality varieties like Williamsite are used in jewelry.
Geological facts
The name 'serpentine' comes from the mottled green patterns resembling snakeskin. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic waxy luster, green mottled appearance, and relatively low hardness compared to jade. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes near subduction zones.
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