Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs), Color: brownish-orange to black, Luster: resinous, Structure: amorphous (non-crystalline), Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 1.05-1.10

Formation & Geological History

Fossilized tree resin from ancient coniferous forests, primarily dating to the Eocene epoch (approx. 34-56 million years ago). Formed through the process of polymerization under high pressure and temperature after burial in sediment.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used in jewelry making (cabochons, beads), decorative arts, and as a scientific source for preserving prehistoric biological specimens (inclusions).

Geological Facts

Unlike true minerals, amber is organic. It can float in saltwater due to its low density. Some specimens contain 'inclusions' like ancient insects, leaves, or air bubbles that are millions of years old.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified by its lightweight feel, warmth to the touch, and resinous luster. It can be tested by its ability to float in a saturated salt solution or by its characteristic pine scent when touched with a hot needle. Found prominently in the Baltic region and the Dominican Republic.

Identified on: 4/28/2026

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